Risk Factors for Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review according of the ICM Istanbul 2025 | Lo Scalpello - Journal
Vol. 40: Issue 1 - April 2026
DOI: 10.36149/0390-5276-358
Joint replacement and revision surgery
Published: 2026-06-12
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Risk Factors for Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review according of the ICM Istanbul 2025

Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Vittorio Emanuele II Hospital, Bisceglie
Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Vittorio Emanuele II Hospital, Bisceglie
Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Vittorio Emanuele II Hospital, Bisceglie
Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Vittorio Emanuele II Hospital, Bisceglie
Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Vittorio Emanuele II Hospital, Bisceglie
Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Vittorio Emanuele II Hospital, Bisceglie
TKA periprosthetic joint infection risk factors host optimization ICM 2025

Abstract

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains one of the most serious complications in modern orthopedics. Despite technological and surgical advances, its incidence remains stable, suggesting that prevention cannot rely exclusively on the surgical act.

The 2025 International Consensus on Musculoskeletal Infections (ICM) held in Istanbul devoted extensive space to the analysis of preoperative risk factors, emphasizing the central role of the host and preoperative optimization.

This narrative review systematically analyzes the main risk factors for infection in patients undergoing TKA, distinguishing between modifiable and non-modifiable factors, and discusses the practical implications for daily clinical management in light of the most recent ICM recommendations.

Affiliations

Antonio Spinarelli

Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Vittorio Emanuele II Hospital, Bisceglie

Matteo Berardi

Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Vittorio Emanuele II Hospital, Bisceglie

Andrea Michele Abbaticchio

Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Vittorio Emanuele II Hospital, Bisceglie

Maurizio Pastore

Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Vittorio Emanuele II Hospital, Bisceglie

Giovanna Porcelli

Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Vittorio Emanuele II Hospital, Bisceglie

Vito Conserva

Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Vittorio Emanuele II Hospital, Bisceglie

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Copyright

© © Ortopedici Traumatologi Ospedalieri d’Italia (O.T.O.D.i.) , 2026

How to Cite

[1]
Spinarelli, A., Berardi, M., Abbaticchio, A.M., Pastore, M., Porcelli, G. and Conserva, V. 2026. Risk Factors for Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review according of the ICM Istanbul 2025 . Lo Scalpello - Journal. 40, 1 (Jun. 2026), 7-18. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36149/0390-5276-358.
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